Q.3.- What are the different types of Engineering surveys under taken before construction of a new line/ Explain their scope and significance.
Ans.- Different types of Engineering surveys –
Reconnaissance Survey -
Rough and rapid survey with or with out instrument of one or more routs for a proposed line is called Reconnaissance Survey. Approximate heights and distances are collected using instruments such as prismatic compass, hand level and range finder.
Preliminary survey –
A detailed instrumental examination of the rout or routes selected as a result of Reconnaissance Survey in order to obtain a close estimate of the line is called preliminary survey. It includes compass traverse along one or more routes longitudinal and transverse levels are taken at required locations. Alignment need not be fully staked out with theodolite. Stone pillars or permanent mark are provided on ground.
Final Location Survey -
A final Location Survey is under taken on the completion of traffic survey to select the final rout of the line to be constructed, taking into consideration all the circumstances of the case including the probable expenses to ensure that alignment selected final is most economical. During the course of the survey the center line finally located should be marked out by pegs at every 30 meters. Survey is made in connection with all the bridges waterways curves and stations proposed to be built and their plans, sections and designs are also prepared.
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